k-comma numbers
(or commatile years)
(version française abrégée tout en bas)
Let a(1) = 0
a(2) = 1
and a(n) = a(n-1) + [the two-digit integer split by the
comma which separates a(n-1) and a(n-2)]
The
first 100 terms of the sequence are (computed by Farideh Firoozbakht):
S = 0, 1, 2, 14, 35, 78, 135, 216, 268, 330, 413,
417, 451, 525, 540, 595, 600, 656, 662, 728, 755, 842, 900, 929, 938, 1037,
1118, 1189, 1270, 1361, 1362, 1373, 1394, 1425, 1466, 1517, 1578, 1649, 1730,
1821, 1822, 1833, 1854, 1885, 1926, 1977, 2038, 2110, 2192, 2194, 2216, 2258,
2320, 2402, 2404, 2426, 2468, 2530, 2612, 2614, 2636, 2678, 2740, 2822, 2824,
2846, 2888, 2950, 3032, 3035, 3058, 3111, 3194, 3207, 3250, 3323, 3326, 3359,
3422, 3515, 3538, 3591, 3674, 3687, 3730, 3803, 3806, 3839, 3902, 3995, 4018,
4072, 4156, 4180, 4244, 4248, 4292, 4376, 4400, 4464,...
14 is in S because we add to 2 the integer 12 seen around the comma
of [1,2]
35 is in S because we add to 14 the integer 21 seen around the comma
of [2,14]
417 is in S
because we add to 413 the integer 4 seen around the comma of [330,413]
Note:
I am
looking for "comma numbers", which are numbers like [abc] where the split [a,bc] or
the split [ab,c] would produce later in the sequence
the said "comma number" again: < ..., abc,
... >
Example:
416 is not a "comma number" because we have no hit for the two
different starts [4,16] or [41,6]:
S1
= 4,16,57,122,193,214,246,288,350,433, ... <-- no hit
S2
= 41,6,22,84,112,153,174,205,247,299,371,464, ... <-- no hit
I
guess 10 is the first comma number:
10
--> 1,0,10,11,12,23, etc. --> yes ‘10’ is in the development of [1,0], thus ‘10’ is a comma number
(we see immediately that ‘20’, ‘30’, ‘40’, and a few more are
comma numbers too)
What
about 11?
11 --> 1,1,12,23,
etc. <-- no hit: ‘11’ is not a comma number
How
does the "comma numbers sequence" look like?
Best,
É.
(This
was inspired by A121805: «
The "commas" sequence: a(1) = 1; for n >
1, let x be the least significant digit of a(n-1); then a(n) = a(n-1) + x*10 +
y where y is the most significant digit of a(n) and is the smallest such y, if
such a y exists. If no such y exists, stop. »
__________
Maximilian Hasler was quick to compute the
sequence:
Scomma numbers = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70,
80, 90, 109, 123, 148, 160, 163, 185, 198, 199, 241, 340, 362, 398, 422, 423,
444, 522, 540, 541, 550, 564, 597, 621, 622, 667, 683, 693, 724, 769, 770, 780,
806, 811, 835, 842, 888, 972, 1023, 1044, 1053, 1054, 1116, 1146, 1177, 1187,
1238, 1248, 1299, 1310, 1329, 1362, 1391, 1394, 1410, 1424, 1475, 1482, 1483,
1491, 1493, 1501, 1504, 1513, 1521, 1535, 1576, 1578, 1585, 1606, 1657, 1732,
1779, 1789, 1799, 1833, 1840, 1852, 1860, 1861, 1873, 1880, 1925, 1926, 1952,
1963, 1984, 1986, 1994, 1996, 2005, 2036, 2067, 2109, 2150, 2171, 2191, 2232,
2234, 2243, 2256, 2258, 2263, 2273, 2287, 2307, 2317, 2359, 2404, 2414, 2422,
2426, 2431, 2441, 2442, 2444, 2446, 2451, 2466, 2523, 2533, 2567, 2570, 2587,
2612, 2619, 2621, 2636, 2639, 2646, 2654, 2656, 2676, 2711, 2718, 2750, 2780,
2783, 2793, 2795, 2824, 2827, 2834, 2844, 2847, 2899, 2950, 2951, 2990, 3035,
3043, 3056, 3066, 3075, 3076, 3098, 3151, 3152, 3162, 3225, 3234, 3238, 3247,
3268, 3278, 3290, 3326, 3346, 3399, 3414, 3437, 3440, 3450, 3460, 3470, 3513,
3515, 3516, 3555, 3579, 3589, 3602, 3631, 3652, 3745, 3748, 3768, 3801, 3811,
3821, 3879, 3894, 3942, 4051, 4072, 4113, 4139, 4149, 4156, 4159, 4193, 4203,
4213, 4311, 4315, 4321, 4331, 4383, 4395, 4429, 4463, 4512, 4555, 4557, 4567,
4577, 4585, 4592, 4596, 4599, 4611, 4653, 4685, 4689, 4733, 4743, 4761, 4781,
4825, 4827, 4847, 4871, 4923, 4939, 4945, 4949, 4952, 4969,...
Is your year of birth in the sequence? In a private mail Maximilian coined those integers as “commatile years”. We were soon wondering if some of those
integers could be doubly “comma” (or 2-comma, or “bicommatile”).
An integer < abcd >, for instance,
could come back to life via two different splits, like |a,bc| or |ab,c|. Maximilian had the answer:
Bicommatile years 0 —> 10000 (or 2-comma numbers):
1023, 1044, 1521, 1657, 1789, 1984, 2191, 2263,
2451, 2466, 2523, 2676, 2783, 2824, 3066, 3268, 3589, 3602, 3631, 4051, 4113,
4149, 4159, 4213, 4315, 4611, 4685, 4781, 4969, 5133, 5526, 6053, 6165, 6246,
6445, 6650, 6712, 6893, 7350, 7668, 8011, 8144, 8311, 8349, 8475, 8538, 8657,
8740, 8755, 8760, 8929, 8947, 9183, 9195, 9319, 9427, 9664, 9782, 9811, 9863,
9980,...
Tricommatile years 0 —> 30000 (or 3-comma numbers):
2676, 6246, 9427, 10587, 11558, 11756, 11811, 12427, 12788, 13090,
13110, 14328, 15031, 15187, 15493, 15637, 16867, 18322, 18768, 19918, 20699,
21138, 21422, 21698, 22824, 23108, 23242, 23868, 24456, 24854, 25342, 25478,
26583, 26948, 27883, 28418, 29538, 29986,...
Development
of the “proof” for the first 5-digit term above, 10587:
[1058,7],
(+87=)94, (+79=)173, 214, 246, 288, 350, 433, 437, 471, 545, 560, 615, 621,
677, 693, 769, 806,
904, 973, 1022, 1053, 1074, 1105, 1146, 1197, 1258, 1329, 1410, 1501, 1502,
1513, 1534, 1565, 1606, 1657, 1718, 1789, 1870, 1961, 1962, 1973, 1994, 2025,
2067, 2119, 2191, 2283, 2295, 2327, 2379, 2451, 2543, 2555, 2587, 2639, 2711,
2803, 2815, 2847, 2899, 2971, 3063, 3076, 3109, 3172, 3265, 3288, 3341, 3424,
3437, 3480, 3553, 3556, 3589, 3652, 3745, 3768, 3821, 3904, 3917, 3960, 4033,
4037, 4071, 4145, 4159, 4213, 4307, 4341, 4415, 4429, 4483, 4577, 4611, 4685,
4699, 4753, 4847, 4881, 4955, 4969, 5023, 5118, 5153, 5238, 5273, 5358, 5393,
5478, 5513, 5598, 5633, 5718, 5753, 5838, 5873, 5958, 5993, 6078, 6114, 6200, 6246, 6252,
6318, 6344, 6430, 6476, 6482, 6548, 6574, 6660, 6706, 6712, 6778, 6804, 6890,
6936, 6942, 7008, 7035, 7122, 7179, 7206, 7303, 7370, 7407, 7414, 7491, 7538,
7555, 7642, 7699, 7726, 7823, 7890, 7927, 7934, 8011, 8059, 8077, 8175, 8253,
8311, 8349, 8367, 8465, 8543, 8601, 8639, 8657, 8755, 8833, 8891, 8929, 8947,
9045, 9124, 9183, 9232, 9271, 9300, 9319, 9328, 9427, 9516, 9595, 9664, 9723,
9772, 9811, 9840, 9859, 9868, 9967, 10056, 10127, 10188, 10259, 10340, 10431,
10432, 10443, 10464, 10495, 10536,
(+51=) 10587.
[105,87],
(+58=)145, (+71=)216, 268, 330, 413, 417, 451, 525, 540, 595,
600, 656, 662, 728, 755, 842, 900, 929, 938, 1037, 1118, 1189, 1270, 1361,
1362, 1373, 1394, 1425, 1466, 1517, 1578, 1649, 1730, 1821, 1822, 1833, 1854, 1885,
1926, 1977, 2038, 2110, 2192, 2194, 2216, 2258, 2320, 2402, 2404, 2426, 2468,
2530, 2612, 2614, 2636, 2678, 2740, 2822, 2824, 2846, 2888, 2950, 3032, 3035,
3058, 3111, 3194, 3207, 3250, 3323, 3326, 3359, 3422, 3515, 3538, 3591, 3674,
3687, 3730, 3803, 3806, 3839, 3902, 3995, 4018, 4072, 4156, 4180, 4244, 4248,
4292, 4376, 4400, 4464, 4468, 4512, 4596, 4620, 4684, 4688, 4732, 4816, 4840,
4904, 4908, 4952, 5036, 5061, 5126, 5141, 5206, 5221, 5286, 5301, 5366, 5381,
5446, 5461, 5526, 5541, 5606, 5621, 5686, 5701, 5766, 5781, 5846, 5861, 5926,
5941, 6006, 6022, 6088, 6114,
... and from there we take the yellow junction above until 10587 -- « I’m quite
astonished by the slow confluence » – Maximilian).
[10,587],
(+05=) 592, (+75=) 667, (+26=) 693, ... and from there we take the grey
junction above.
Development
of the “proof” for the first 3-comma-number
above, 2676:
[267,6],
82, 150, 171, 172, 183, 204,
236, 278, 340, 423, 427, 461, 535, 550, 605, 611, 667, 683, 759, 796, 893, 961, 1000,
1011, 1012, 1023, 1044, 1075, 1116, 1167, 1228, 1299, 1380, 1471, 1472, 1483,
1504, 1535, 1576, 1627, 1688, 1759, 1840, 1931, 1932, 1943, 1964, 1995, 2036,
2088, 2150, 2232, 2234, 2256, 2298, 2360, 2442, 2444, 2466, 2508, 2570, 2652,
2654 and 2676.
[26,76], 143, 204,... (yellow junction)
[2,676],
702, 769, 796,... (grey junction)
The
smallest 4-comma number Maximilian has found is 16867 – and the
smallest 5-comma is 111688: what a marvel – six digits, five possible
cuts, no zero inside! Any taker for more tetra- and pentacommatiles?
__________
Many
thanks again to Maximilian! We can
define now the “hypercomma numbers” – such numbers
would come back to life no matter where the split (legally) occurs: you cut
them in two, they arise, reborn anew like a phoenix. Shypercomma
(or Sphoenix)
starts like this:
Shypercomma = 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 109, 806,
1023, 1044, 2005, 2676, 3066, 3602, 4051, 6053, 6246, 8011, 8349, 9427, 10022,
10074, 10587, 13090, 15031, 16867, 20088, 20699, 21698, 23108, 29986, 30091,
30306, 32226, 40022, 40099, 40153, 41064, 41112, 50816, 50841, 52010, ...
Best,
É.
___________
Comma numbers are now in the OEIS – start with this
page.
A French post I’ve sent to a few friends yesterday (October 28th
2009):
Un coup de scie
jamais n’abolira
--------------------------------
Prenez le nombre
2676 et coupez-le en deux comme vous voulez
-- par exemple
ainsi : [267,6]
Nous allons
construire une suite sur cette coupure et ajouter
au moignon de droite
(6) le nombre qui borde la plaie (ici 76).
La suite démarre comme
ça : S = 267,6,82
D’où vient ce 82 ?
Mais de la somme du moignon 6 et du nombre
bordant la
plaie, 76 -- on vient de vous le dire !
On... Horreur, en
considérant S je vois apparaître une nou-
velle plaie ! Et un nouveau moignon !
S = 267,6,82
Le moignon c’est
82 et la plaie c’est la nouvelle virgule -- la-
quelle est
bordée par le nombre 68. Courage, fuyons (en avant),
et ajoutons 68 à 82,
pour voir (la somme fait 150) :
S = 267,6,82,150
Rrrrhââââ !
Nouveau moignon, nouvelle plaie, nouvelles lèvres
formant une
sorte d’emplâtre 21 ! On continue à suturer ! On
ajoute à
150 ce 21 ! Scalpel, oxygène, bouge-toi Sophie, je ne
vois
rien !
S = 267,6,82,150,171
C’est plus une
suite, c’est Frankenstein ! Tiens, les lèvres de
la plaie forment à
présent le "nombre" 01 -- c’est quoi ça ? Eh
bien on
disait que 01 ça valait 1, mon capitaine -- lequel 1 on
ajoute à
171 et passez muscade ! Chirurgie de guerre, gamine,
on ne finasse pas !
171 + 1 = 172, rompez !
S = 267,6,82,150,171,172
...
Vous avez compris,
la suite peut continuer ainsi à l’infini --
nous l’arrêterons
pourtant sur une révélation : 2676, le nombre
que nous avons mutilé
au départ (avec l’assentiment de la SPED
-- Société
Protectrice des Entiers Découpables), va réapparaître
!
Regardez le
travail, c’est du cousu main, c’est du Lacroix -- non,
mieux, c’est
du Lagerfeld !
S = 267, 6, 82,
150, 171, 172, 183, 204, 236, 278, 340, 423, 427,
461, 535, 550, 605, 611, 667, 683, 759,
796, 893, 961, 1000,
1011, 1012, 1023, 1044, 1075, 1116, 1167,
1228, 1299, 1380,
1471, 1472, 1483, 1504, 1535, 1576, 1627,
1688, 1759, 1840,
1931, 1932, 1943, 1964, 1995, 2036, 2088,
2150, 2232, 2234,
2256, 2298, 2360, 2442, 2444, 2466, 2508,
2570, 2652, 2654, 2676.
Olé ! Qu’il est
mignon, le dernier moignon ! Son père tout craché !
Vive la médecine,
Fleming, le protoxyde d’azote et le vaccin contre
la grippe A !
Mais le meilleur
est pour la fin : avec 2676 la coupe aurait pu
avoir
lieu n’importe où, [26,76] ou [2,676] au lieu de [267,6]:
le nombre de départ
aurait ressuscité de toute façon, tel un Phénix
de ses bandes
Velpeau !
Les nombres-phénix
sont là -- et leur genèse :
http://www.cetteadressecomportecinquantesignes.com/Commatile.htm
à+,
É.